How do the three macro nutrients provide energy?

The three macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—provide energy through their metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source, breaking down into glucose, which fuels immediate energy needs. Fats serve as a concentrated energy source, providing more than double the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Proteins primarily support growth and repair but can also be converted into energy when carbohydrate and fat stores are insufficient.