Who was Pericles why did he give this speech?

Pericles was an influential Athenian statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens, particularly noted for his leadership during the early part of the Peloponnesian War. He delivered the famous Funeral Oration, as recorded by Thucydides, to honor the fallen soldiers of the war and to celebrate Athenian democracy and values. The speech served to inspire the citizens of Athens, reinforcing their commitment to their city-state and its ideals, while also acknowledging the sacrifices made for the collective good.