The Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France consisted primarily of the common people, including peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class). This group made up the vast majority of the population and was responsible for paying most of the taxes, despite having little political power. They were distinct from the First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobility), who enjoyed privileges and exemptions. The Third Estate's grievances and demands for representation were pivotal in sparking the French Revolution.
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