Trace the jihad against the infidels from about AD 630 through 1000?

From around AD 630, following the death of Prophet Muhammad, Islamic expansion began with military campaigns aimed at spreading Islam and unifying Arabian tribes. The initial jihad was marked by rapid conquests, including the Byzantine and Sassanian empires, leading to the establishment of a vast caliphate. By the end of the 7th century, Islamic forces had reached North Africa, Spain, and parts of Central Asia. This period of jihad continued through the 10th century, characterized by both military expansion and cultural exchanges, solidifying Islam's influence across diverse regions.