What are some of the long term affects of exposure to nuclear radioactivity?

Long-term exposure to nuclear radioactivity can lead to serious health issues, including an increased risk of cancer, particularly leukemia and thyroid cancer. It can also result in genetic mutations that may affect future generations. Additionally, chronic exposure may cause other health problems such as cardiovascular diseases and respiratory issues. Beyond physical health, there can be significant psychological and social effects on affected communities, including anxiety and stigma.