Lenin diverged from traditional Marxism by introducing the concept of the "vanguard party," arguing that a well-organized party of professional revolutionaries was necessary to lead the proletariat, rather than relying solely on spontaneous class struggle. He also advocated for the New Economic Policy (NEP), which allowed limited capitalism and private enterprise to revive the war-torn Russian economy, contradicting Marxist principles that called for immediate and total abolition of capitalism. Additionally, Lenin prioritized the needs of the Russian state over international revolution, focusing on national consolidation rather than the global proletarian uprising that Marx envisioned.
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