What twentieth-century economist argued that governments should engage in large public works and lower interest rates to stimulate economically depressed economies?

The twentieth-century economist who argued that governments should engage in large public works and lower interest rates to stimulate economically depressed economies was John Maynard Keynes. His ideas, articulated in "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" (1936), emphasized the importance of government intervention during economic downturns to boost demand and foster recovery. Keynes advocated for increased public spending to create jobs and stimulate economic activity, particularly during periods of recession.