The Chavín civilization, which flourished in the Andean highlands of Peru around 900 to 200 BCE, is considered a civilization due to its complex social structure, advanced artistic achievements, and religious practices. It featured a centralized religious center at Chavín de Huantar, which served as a hub for cultural and economic exchange. The civilization is known for its distinctive art style, including intricate stone carvings and pottery, and it developed sophisticated agricultural techniques to support its population. Furthermore, the Chavín influence extended over a wide area, indicating the presence of organized governance and interaction with neighboring cultures.
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