Why is it difficult for an observer to determine the authority of a staff manager?

Determining the authority of a staff manager can be challenging because their role often involves providing support and expertise rather than direct control over personnel. Staff managers typically operate in advisory capacities, influencing decisions without having formal power over implementation. Additionally, the authority of a staff manager may vary depending on the organization's structure, culture, and the specific context of their role, leading to ambiguity about their influence and decision-making power.