An aeroplane with one set of wings is called a?

An airplane with one set of wings is called a monoplane. Monoplanes are the most common type of aircraft design, featuring a single wing structure that can be mounted either high, low, or mid on the fuselage. This design contrasts with biplanes, which have two sets of wings stacked one above the other. Monoplanes are favored for their efficiency and performance in modern aviation.