Why does crackers bread or milk help take the heat away when you eat chili peppers?

Crackers, bread, or milk help alleviate the heat from chili peppers because they contain carbohydrates and fats that can absorb and neutralize capsaicin, the compound responsible for the spiciness. Capsaicin binds to pain receptors in the mouth, causing a burning sensation, and dairy products like milk contain casein, a protein that can effectively wash away capsaicin. Solid foods like crackers and bread can also physically help scrape the capsaicin off the tongue and palate, providing relief from the heat.