Why were some Americans critical of the naturalizion act?

Some Americans were critical of the Naturalization Act of 1790 because it limited citizenship to free white persons, thereby excluding a significant portion of the population, including enslaved individuals, Indigenous peoples, and free people of color. Critics argued that this restriction was racially discriminatory and contradicted the democratic ideals of equality and liberty espoused by the nation. Additionally, there were concerns that the Act would create a hierarchy of citizenship that could undermine social cohesion and the principles of the newly formed republic.