The formula to calculate the electrostatic potential energy between two point charges is ( U = \frac{k \cdot q_1 \cdot q_2}{r} ), where ( k ) is the Coulomb constant (( 8.9875 \times 10^9 , \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 )), ( q_1 = q_2 = 1.602 \times 10^{-19} , \text{C} ) (charge of a proton), and ( r = 57 , \text{pm} = 57 \times 10^{-12} , \text{m} ). Plugging in these values, the potential energy between two protons separated by 57 pm is approximately ( 1.44 \times 10^{-18} , \text{J} ).
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