How does a change in price affect consumer behavior in terms of income vs substitution effect?

A change in price can affect consumer behavior through two main effects: the income effect and the substitution effect. The income effect refers to how a change in price affects the purchasing power of consumers' income, leading to changes in the quantity demanded of a good. The substitution effect, on the other hand, refers to how consumers may switch to alternative goods or services when the price of a particular good changes. Overall, a decrease in price typically leads to an increase in quantity demanded due to both effects, while an increase in price usually results in a decrease in quantity demanded.