What commands does the CPU understand?

The CPU understands a set of low-level instructions known as machine language or machine code, which consists of binary numbers. These instructions typically include operations such as arithmetic calculations, data movement, logic operations, and control flow commands. Each CPU architecture has its own specific instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the commands it can execute, such as ADD, SUBTRACT, LOAD, STORE, and JUMP. These commands allow the CPU to perform tasks and manage the flow of data within a computer system.