How does Estella torture Pip?

Estella tortures Pip by consistently belittling him and highlighting his lower social status, which makes him feel inadequate and unworthy of her affection. She often mocks his background, referring to him as a "common boy" and expressing disdain for his upbringing. This emotional manipulation deeply affects Pip, fueling his desire to improve himself and gain her approval, yet it ultimately leads to his internal conflict and dissatisfaction with his identity.