Which scientist developed a classification system based on similarities?

The scientist who developed a classification system based on similarities is Carl Linnaeus. In the 18th century, he created a hierarchical system of taxonomy that organizes living organisms into categories such as kingdom, class, order, genus, and species. His system, known as binomial nomenclature, uses two Latin names to uniquely identify each species, emphasizing their shared characteristics. Linnaeus's work laid the foundation for modern biological classification.