The Spanish had superior military technology, including firearms and steel weaponry, which gave them a significant advantage in battles against the Aztecs and Incas. Additionally, they possessed horses, which were not present in the Americas and provided mobility and a psychological edge. The Spanish also benefited from a network of alliances with local tribes who were enemies of the Aztecs and Incas, enabling them to amplify their forces. Lastly, the Spanish brought diseases like smallpox, which devastated Indigenous populations and weakened their resistance.
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