How do countries benefit from specialization?

Based on the concept of comparative advantage, a country will tend to specialize in fields where they have an advantage relative to other countries. Countries such as Australia have vast amounts of Natural Resources, so will tend to specialize in exporting mineral ore. China, with its vast labour pool will tend to specialize in manufacturing and the U.S with its vast R&D investment will tend to be the one who owns the intellectual property and patents. Though the examples given are simplistic in nature, they show that by specialising in areas where countries have an advantage they are on-the-whole better-off compared to attempting to do all the tasks; to do so would be inefficient. Hence, by allowing specialization countries are able to have a level of consumption or production greater than if trade was not conducted.