What nutrients does saliva break down?

Saliva primarily begins the digestion of carbohydrates through the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starches into simpler sugars. It also contains lipase, which starts the breakdown of fats, although this process is minimal in the mouth. Additionally, saliva helps to dissolve food, making it easier to taste and swallow, and it contains antimicrobial compounds that aid in oral health. However, the primary focus of saliva is on carbohydrate digestion.