What civil rights movement happened in 1964?

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Louise McCauley Parks [February 4, 1913-October 24, 2005] refused an order from Montgomery city bus driver James F. Blake [April 14, 1912-March 21, 2002] to give up her seat to a later-boarding white passenger. African-Americans responded to her arrest, with the Montgomery city bus boycott of December 3, 1955-December 20, 1956. According to a federal district court ruling of June 4, 1956, the laws by which the state of Alabama was able to maintain racially segregated buses were found to be unconstitutional. The ruling was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court, on November 13 of the same year. Parks' refusal and subsequent arrest, the boycott, and the two rulings were key to the development of successful civil rights movements in the U.S. For all four events were intended to end the racial segregation that African-Americans had identified as the critical obstacle to the achievement of economic, political and social equality among America's races.