Who freed all the slaves in the states that were still fighting against the union?

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, which declared that all slaves in the Confederate states still in rebellion against the Union were to be set free. However, it is important to note that the Proclamation did not immediately free all slaves, as it applied only to areas not under Union control. The enforcement of the Proclamation was ultimately realized as Union forces advanced into Confederate territory. The 13th Amendment, ratified in December 1865, formally abolished slavery in the United States.