Differential association theory suggests that individuals may engage in criminal behavior as a result of their associations with deviant subcultures that promote such behavior.
Labeling theory highlights how individuals who are labeled as belonging to a criminal subculture may internalize this label and engage in further criminal activities.
Strain theory suggests that individuals may turn to criminal behavior when they are unable to achieve success within mainstream society, leading them to adopt the values of a subculture that supports criminal activity.
