How did native boarding schools end?

Native boarding schools in the United States began to close in the mid-20th century due to growing awareness of the harmful impact they had on Indigenous cultures and communities. The Civil Rights Movement and increasing advocacy for Indigenous rights led to public outcry against these institutions, which were often associated with cultural assimilation and abuse. Legislation, such as the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, empowered tribes to take control of their educational systems, leading to the gradual dismantling of federally run boarding schools. By the late 20th century, most of these schools had been closed or repurposed, marking a significant shift in educational policy for Native American communities.