Most scientists believe the extinction of Mesozoic life, particularly the dinosaurs, was primarily caused by a combination of a massive asteroid impact and extensive volcanic activity. The asteroid impact, linked to the Chicxulub crater in Mexico, likely caused widespread fires, tsunamis, and a "nuclear winter" effect that drastically altered the climate. Concurrently, volcanic eruptions in the Deccan Traps released large amounts of volcanic gases, contributing to long-term climate changes. These catastrophic events created a hostile environment, leading to the extinction of approximately 75% of Earth's species at the end of the Cretaceous period.
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