How do you calculate effective address?

To calculate the effective address in a computer system, you typically follow a formula that incorporates the base address, index, and offset. The effective address is determined by adding the base address to the product of the index register and the scale factor, along with any immediate offset. The general formula can be expressed as: Effective Address = Base Address + (Index × Scale) + Offset. This calculation is commonly used in assembly language and memory addressing modes.