How did Assyrian rulers control an empire that stretched across the Persian gulf and in Egypt?

Assyrian rulers controlled their expansive empire through a combination of military power, effective administration, and infrastructure development. They maintained a professional army that could swiftly respond to rebellions and threats, complemented by a network of fortified cities. The Assyrians also implemented a system of provincial governors to oversee local administration and collect tribute, ensuring loyalty through a mix of coercion and incentives. Additionally, they promoted cultural assimilation and communication via a common language and efficient road systems, facilitating trade and governance across their vast territories.