What people established mental hospitals and improved prison conditions?

Mental hospitals and improved prison conditions were significantly influenced by reformers such as Dorothea Dix in the 19th century. Dix advocated for the humane treatment of individuals with mental illness and worked tirelessly to establish mental health facilities across the United States. Additionally, figures like Cesare Beccaria and John Howard contributed to prison reform by promoting the idea of rehabilitation over punishment and advocating for better living conditions within prisons. Their efforts laid the groundwork for modern mental health care and correctional reform.