In the process of photosynthesis, the ATP and NADPH used to synthesize glucose are generated during the light-dependent reactions. These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where sunlight is captured by chlorophyll, leading to the production of ATP through photophosphorylation and NADPH through the reduction of NADP+. The energy from sunlight is ultimately harnessed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose in the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle.
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