How did urbanization and industrialization affect the lives of people at the turn of the 20th century?

Urbanization and industrialization at the turn of the 20th century transformed lives by shifting populations from rural areas to rapidly growing cities, leading to increased job opportunities in factories. However, this shift also resulted in overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and labor exploitation, as many workers faced long hours and low wages. The rise of new technologies and transportation improved access to goods and services but also contributed to social challenges, such as class disparities and public health issues. Overall, while urbanization and industrialization spurred economic growth, they also created significant social and environmental challenges for many people.