Before establishing democracy, the Greeks experimented with various forms of government, including monarchy, oligarchy, and tyranny. In a monarchy, power was concentrated in the hands of a single ruler, often hereditary, while oligarchy involved rule by a small group of elites, typically wealthy citizens. Tyranny arose when an individual seized power unconstitutionally, often promising reforms but ruling with absolute authority. Each system varied in how power was distributed and the level of citizen participation in governance, ultimately leading to the development of democracy, which emphasized broader civic involvement and decision-making.
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