What happened to the Carolingian's empire after Charlemagne death?

After Charlemagne's death in 814, the Carolingian Empire began to fragment due to internal divisions and external pressures. His grandsons, Louis the Pious's sons, struggled for power, leading to civil wars and political instability. The Treaty of Verdun in 843 formalized the division of the empire into three separate kingdoms, which weakened central authority and facilitated the rise of regional powers. This fragmentation ultimately contributed to the decline of the Carolingian Empire and set the stage for the emergence of feudalism in medieval Europe.