What advances were essential in the scientific revolution?

The Scientific Revolution, spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, was marked by several key advances, including the development of the scientific method, which emphasized observation and experimentation. The work of figures like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler challenged traditional views of the universe, leading to the heliocentric model and laws of planetary motion. Additionally, advancements in mathematics, particularly calculus by Newton and Leibniz, provided the tools necessary for understanding physical phenomena. These developments collectively transformed the approach to science, shifting it from philosophical speculation to empirical inquiry.