What difference between logical and physical design?

Logical design refers to the abstract representation of the data and the relationships among data elements, focusing on how data is organized and accessed without considering the physical storage details. In contrast, physical design involves the actual implementation of the logical design, specifying how data will be stored on hardware, including file structures, indexing methods, and data storage formats. Essentially, logical design is about "what" data is needed and "how" it relates, while physical design deals with "where" and "how" that data is physically stored and retrieved.