What factors contribute to the presence of excess demand and excess supply in the market?

Excess demand occurs when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at a given price, leading to shortages. Factors contributing to excess demand include high consumer demand, low prices, and limited supply. Excess supply, on the other hand, happens when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, resulting in surpluses. Factors contributing to excess supply include low consumer demand, high prices, and oversupply.