What group was excluded from citizenship in the roman republic?

In the Roman Republic, several groups were excluded from citizenship, most notably women, slaves, and non-Roman inhabitants of conquered territories. While freeborn men from allied communities could sometimes gain citizenship, many still remained outside its protections. Additionally, certain lower social classes, such as the proletariat, had limited rights compared to the patricians and plebeians. Overall, citizenship was a privileged status reserved for a select segment of the population.