What is a wing vortex?

A wing vortex is a swirling airflow pattern created around the wingtips of an aircraft during flight, resulting from the difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. As air moves from the high-pressure area beneath the wing to the low-pressure area above, it forms a rotating column of air, or vortex, which can extend behind the wing. These vortices contribute to induced drag and are a key factor in wake turbulence, affecting the performance of following aircraft. Understanding wing vortices is crucial for safe aircraft operation, especially during takeoff and landing phases.