The marginal product of the fifth worker is calculated by finding the difference in output when adding that worker. With 4 workers, the firm produces 450 gallons, and with 5 workers, it produces 500 gallons. Therefore, the marginal product of the fifth worker is 500 gallons - 450 gallons = 50 gallons. Thus, the marginal product of the fifth worker is 50 gallons per worker per day.
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