How did paintings change with Giotto and the beginning of the Renaissance?

Giotto's work marked a significant departure from the flat, stylized figures of medieval art, introducing a greater sense of realism and emotional expression. He employed techniques such as chiaroscuro to create depth and three-dimensionality, which laid the groundwork for future Renaissance artists. This shift emphasized the importance of human experience and perspective, leading to more lifelike representations in painting. Overall, Giotto's innovations contributed to the transition toward the naturalism that defines Renaissance art.