The major bony components of the thorax include the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is located at the front of the thoracic cavity and provides attachment for the ribs. The ribs, typically 12 pairs, curve around the sides of the thorax and protect vital organs like the heart and lungs. The thoracic vertebrae, which consist of 12 individual vertebrae, form the backbone of the thorax and provide support and flexibility to the upper body.
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