What is chroma signal?

Chroma signal refers to the component of a video signal that encodes color information, distinguishing it from the brightness or luminance component. In analog television, chroma is typically represented as two separate signals: hue (color type) and saturation (color intensity). In digital formats, chroma subsampling techniques may be used to reduce the amount of color information while maintaining perceived image quality. This separation allows for more efficient transmission and storage of video data.