Which civilizations were nearly eliminated as a result of communicable diseases brought by europeans during the columbian exchange?

The civilizations that were nearly eliminated due to communicable diseases brought by Europeans during the Columbian Exchange include the Aztecs and the Incas. These indigenous populations suffered devastating epidemics, particularly from smallpox, measles, and influenza, which decimated their numbers and weakened their societal structures. The rapid spread of these diseases, to which the native populations had no immunity, played a crucial role in the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas. Ultimately, these pandemics contributed to the significant decline of indigenous populations across the continent.