What is the formula for calculating bending moment of steel?

The bending moment (M) in a beam can be calculated using the formula ( M = \frac{F \cdot d}{4} ) for a simply supported beam with a central load, where ( F ) is the load applied and ( d ) is the distance from the support to the point of application. For more complex structures, the bending moment can be determined using the moment-area method or by applying equations of static equilibrium. Additionally, for uniform distributed loads, the formula can be expressed as ( M = \frac{w \cdot L^2}{8} ), where ( w ) is the load per unit length and ( L ) is the length of the beam.