What were the laws against blacks owning property?

Laws against Black individuals owning property in the United States primarily emerged during and after the period of slavery, notably through Black Codes enacted in the South post-Civil War. These laws restricted property ownership, often requiring Black citizens to obtain special permits or limiting their ability to buy land altogether. Additionally, systemic racism and discriminatory practices, such as redlining and restrictive covenants, further impeded Black property ownership throughout the 20th century. Such barriers were designed to maintain racial segregation and economic inequality.