How energy is used in the substance changes states from solid to liquid to gas?

When a substance changes states from solid to liquid (melting), energy is absorbed in the form of heat, which breaks the bonds holding the molecules in a fixed position. As it transitions from liquid to gas (vaporization), additional energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces, allowing the molecules to move freely. This process involves the input of energy, which increases molecular motion and changes the state of the substance. Conversely, when a gas condenses to a liquid or a liquid solidifies, energy is released as the molecules lose kinetic energy and form stronger intermolecular bonds.