Which electromagnetic spectrum can permanently damage skin?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB and UVC rays, can permanently damage skin. UVB rays are primarily responsible for sunburn and can lead to skin cancer, while UVC rays, though mostly absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, can cause severe damage if exposure occurs. Prolonged and unprotected exposure to these wavelengths can result in DNA damage, premature aging, and an increased risk of skin cancers.