What happened in the middle ages in medieval Europe?

Acording to Wikipedia there were several signicant events which occurred in 1258. In nature, "one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the Holocene epoch" occurred. Historically, there was the Battle of Baghdad in which Mongol forces overran Baghdad, burning the city to the ground, "killing as many as 1,000,000 citizens." Korea also surrendered to the Mongols in 1258. Also "King Henry III of England" was "forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy in England by requiring the calling of a parliament." A very important year in history.