Why didn't Islam spread to Europe more?

Islam did not spread to Europe more extensively due to a combination of military, political, and cultural factors. The Islamic conquests in the 7th and 8th centuries initially made significant inroads into the Iberian Peninsula and parts of Southern Europe, but they faced strong resistance, such as the Frankish victory at the Battle of Tours in 732. Additionally, the political fragmentation of Europe, along with the rise of strong Christian kingdoms, hindered further expansion. Cultural and religious differences also played a crucial role, as the established Christian faith in Europe created a barrier to the acceptance of Islam.