If there is a named beneficiary on the policy the life insurance proceeds bypass probate and the beneficiary will receive the money. If none is named, the proceeds are paid over to the estate. If there is no Will, the proceeds will pass to the heirs at law according to the state laws of intestacy after the debts of the decedent have been paid. If the proceeds are paid over to the estate the debts of the decedent must be paid before any assets can be distributed to the heirs.
You can check the laws of intestacy in your state at the related question link provided below.
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