Which groups owned property in saint-domingue?

In Saint-Domingue, the primary property owners were wealthy white planters, known as "grands blancs," who controlled vast sugar and coffee plantations. Additionally, free people of color, or "gens de couleur," some of whom were affluent and owned land and slaves, also possessed property. Enslaved Africans, however, did not own property, as they were considered property themselves under the colonial system. The complex social hierarchy in Saint-Domingue deeply influenced land ownership and economic power.